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            <h1 style="display: none">1. 简介</h1>
            
            
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                <h1 id="设计模式"><a href="#设计模式" class="headerlink" title="设计模式"></a>设计模式</h1><p>设计模式可以多个组合使用使其更适合项目</p>
<p>不可过度使用设计模式（避免降低代码可读性）</p>
<h2 id="六大设计原则："><a href="#六大设计原则：" class="headerlink" title="六大设计原则："></a>六大设计原则：</h2><ol>
<li>单一职责原则：一个类只负责完成一个职责或者功能。（不要设计大而全的类，而是要设计力度小，功能单一的类） <figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs">类中的代码行数、函数、属性过多。<br>类的依赖过多<br>私有方法过多<br>类中大量的方法都在集中操作几个属性<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>开放封闭原则： 软件中的对象、类、模块和函数对扩展应该是开放的，但对于修改是封闭的。这意味着应该用抽象定义结构，用具体实现扩展细节，以此确保软件系统开发和维护过程的可靠性。 <figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs">需求发生变化时，应该采取扩展的方式实现，而不是修改。<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>里氏替换原则：子类能够替换程序中对象出现的任何地方，并且保证原来的程序的逻辑行为不变及正确性不被破坏。 <figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs">替换：面向对象语言所支持的多态特性。<br>通过接口就可以知道方法的行为。<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>接口分离原则：要为各个类建立他们需要的专用接口，而不是视图去建立一个很庞大的接口供所有依赖它的类去调用。</li>
<li>依赖倒置原则：在设计代码架构时，高层模块不应该依赖低层模块，二者都应该依赖于抽象。抽象不应该依赖于细节，细节应该依赖于抽象。 <figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs">高层模块抽取低层模块的共性，形成抽象。<br>保持始终依赖抽象，而不是实现。（例如一些类，参数或者属性的类型应该是抽象接口，而不是具体实现）<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>迪米特法则：一个类/模块对其他类/模块有越少的了解越好。简单来说迪米特法则想要表达的思想就是：不该有直接依赖关系的类之间，不要有依赖；有依赖关系的类之间，尽量只依赖必要的接口。 <figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs">可以通过第三方转发的方式进行调用，降低类与类之间的耦合。<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="创建型模式（5）"><a href="#创建型模式（5）" class="headerlink" title="创建型模式（5）"></a>创建型模式（5）</h2><pre><code class="hljs">对象实例化的模式，创建型模式用于解耦对象的实例化过程
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li>单例模式， <a href="/2023/04/13/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/2-python%E5%8D%95%E4%BE%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>工厂方法模式, <a href="/2023/04/14/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/3-python%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>抽象工厂模式, <a href="/2023/04/13/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/4-python%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%80%85%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>建造者模式, <a href="/2023/04/13/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/5-python%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%80%85%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>原型模式, <a href="/2023/04/19/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/6-python%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="结构型模式（7）"><a href="#结构型模式（7）" class="headerlink" title="结构型模式（7）"></a>结构型模式（7）</h2><pre><code class="hljs">把类或对象结合在一起形成一个更大的结构. 前者采用继承来组织接口和类，后者采用关联来组合对象
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li>代理模式，<a href="/2023/04/20/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/7-python%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>适配器模式，<a href="/2023/04/21/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/8-python%E9%80%82%E9%85%8D%E5%99%A8%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>桥接模式，<a href="/2023/04/23/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/9-python%E6%A1%A5%E6%8E%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>装饰器模式，<a href="/2023/04/24/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/10-python%E8%A3%85%E9%A5%B0%E5%99%A8%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>外观模式，<a href="/2023/04/25/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/11-python%E5%A4%96%E8%A7%82%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>享元模式，<a href="/2023/04/26/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/12-python%E4%BA%AB%E5%85%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
<li>组合模式，<a href="/2023/05/04/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/13-python%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="行为型模式（11）"><a href="#行为型模式（11）" class="headerlink" title="行为型模式（11）"></a>行为型模式（11）</h2><pre><code class="hljs">类和对象如何交互，行为型模式用于描述程序在运行时复杂的流程控制，即描述多个类或对象之间怎样相互协作共同完成一个任务。涉及划分责任和算法。
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li><p>观察者模式, <a href="/2023/05/08/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/14-python%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E8%80%85%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>模板模式, <a href="/2023/06/28/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/15-python%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>策略模式, <a href="/2023/07/04/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/16-python%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>责任链模式, <a href="/2023/07/05/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/17-python%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>命令模式, <a href="/2023/07/26/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/18-python%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>中介者模式, <a href="/2023/07/28/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/19-python%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%8B%E8%80%85%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>状态模式, <a href="/2023/08/10/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/20-python%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>备忘录模式, <a href="/2023/08/17/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/21-python%E5%A4%87%E5%BF%98%E5%BD%95%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>迭代器模式, <a href="/2023/08/17/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/22-python%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%99%A8%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>解释器模式, <a href="/2023/08/21/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/23-python%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%99%A8%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>访问者模式, <a href="/2023/08/22/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/24-python%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E8%80%85%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/">go</a></p>
</li>
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